List of government space agencies
This is a list of government agencies engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration.
As of 2018, 72 different government space agencies are in existence; 14 of those have launch capability. Six government space agencies—the China National Space Administration (CNSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA or Roscosmos)—have full launch capabilities; these include the ability to launch and recover multiple satellites, deploy cryogenic rocket engines and operate space probes.
The name given is the English version, with the native language version below. The acronym given is the most common acronym: this can either be the acronym of the English version (e.g. JAXA), or the acronym in the native language. Where there are multiple acronyms in common use, the English one is given first.
The date of the founding of the space agency is the date of first operations where applicable. If the space agency is no longer running, then the date when it was terminated (i.e. the last day of operations) is given. A link to the Agency's primary website is also given.
List of space agenciesEdit
- The capabilities of the space agencies are color-coded as follows
List of space agencies with launch capabilityEdit
Space agency | Country | Founded | Terminated | Capabilities of the space agency | Ref(s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Launch capable | Multiple Satellites Launch capable | Developed and Deployed Cryogenic Rocket Engines | Operates Extraterrestrial Probe | Recoverable Satellites capable | ||||
Australian Space Agency | ASA | Australia | 1 July 2018 | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | [1][2][citation needed] |
China National Space Administration (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家航天局) |
CNSA | People's Republic of China | 22 April 1993 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [19] |
European Space Agency (French: Agence spatiale européenne) (German: Europäische Weltraumorganisation) |
ESA ASE EWO |
31 May 1975 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [25][26] | |
Iranian Space Agency (Persian: سازمان فضایی ایران) |
ISA ISA |
Iran | 2003 | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
Israeli Space Agency (Hebrew: סוכנות החלל הישראלית) (Arabic: وكالة الفضاء الإسرائيلية) |
ISA סל"ה |
Israel | April 1983 | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | [citation needed] |
Italian Space Agency (Italian: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) |
ASI | Italy | 1988 | — | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | [81] |
National Aerospace Development Administration (Korean: 조선우주공간기술위원회) |
KCST | North Korea | 1980s | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | [citation needed] |
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (Korean: 한국항공우주연구원) |
KARI 항우연 |
South Korea | October 1989 | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | [citation needed] |
Indian Space Research Organisation (Hindi: भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन) |
ISRO इसरो |
India | 15 August 1969 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [29][30][31] |
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japanese: 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構) |
JAXA | Japan | 1 October 2003 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [40] |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA | United States | 1 October 1958 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [49] |
French: Centre National d’Études Spatiales (National Center of Space Research) |
CNES | France | 19 December 1961 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | [52] |
Ukrainian: Національне космічне агентство України (National Space Agency of Ukraine) |
НКАУ NSAU |
Ukraine | 2 March 1992 | — | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | [citation needed] |
Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство (Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos)) |
ROSCOSMOS RFSA |
Russia | ca. 1992 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [citation needed] |
Russian: Советская космическая программа (Soviet space program) |
СССР | Soviet Union | ca. 1955 | ca. 1991 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [citation needed] |
United States Space Force | USSF | United States | 20 December 2019 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | [78][79][80] |
List of space agencies with human spaceflight capabilityEdit
Space agency | Country | Founded | Terminated | Accomplished tasks by the space agency | Ref(s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Human Spaceflight capable | Human Space launch capable | Spacewalk capable | Space Rendezvous and Docking capable | Operates Space Station | ||||
China National Space Administration (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家航天局) |
CNSA | People's Republic of China | April 22, 1993 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [19][82] |
Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство (Russian Federal Space Agency) |
ROSCOSMOS RFSA |
Russia | December 26, 1991 Dissolution of Soviet Union | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [83] |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA | United States | October 1, 1958 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [49] |
Russian: Советская космическая программа (Soviet space program) |
СССР | Soviet Union | July 22, 1951 | December 26, 1991 Dissolution of Soviet Union | October 2, 1991 | lastOctober 2, 1991 | lastJuly 27, 1991 | lastDecember 26, 1991 | lastDecember 26, 1991 | last[83] |
List of space agencies with lunar landing capabilityEdit
Space agency | Country | Founded | Terminated | Accomplished tasks by the space agency | Ref(s) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Circumlunar Crewed Spaceflight | Controlled impact with Lunar surface | Uncrewed Moon Soft Landing | Uncrewed (automated) lunar rover operation | Automated Lunar sample return mission | Crewed Moon Landing and sample return | ||||
China National Space Administration (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国家航天局) |
CNSA | People's Republic of China | 22 April 1993 | — | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | [19] |
Indian Space Research Organisation (Hindi: भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन) |
ISRO इसरो |
India | 15 August 1969 | — | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | [29][30][31] |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA | United States | 1 October 1958 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | [49] |
Russian: Советская космическая программа (Soviet space program) |
СССР | Soviet Union | ca. 1955 | 1991 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes[84] | Yes[85][86] | No | [87] |
Expected and proposed future space agenciesEdit
Space agency | Country | Expected date of formation | Current status | Ref(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | ||||
Sri Lanka Aeronautics and Space Agency | SLASA | Sri Lanka | Immediate goal is to construct and launch two satellites. Sri Lankan Telecommunications Regulatory Commission has signed an agreement with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to get relevant help and resources. | [88][89] | |
African Space Agency | AfSA | African Union | 2019 | Proposed in 2015. AU plans to launch the agency by 2019 with a proposed headquarter in Cairo, Egypt. Funded by Egypt. See the stamp issued by Egypt on 19 September 2019. | [90]·[91]·[92]·[93] |
Armenian Space Agency | ArmCosmos | Armenia | Proposed in 2013 with the goal to launch satellites. Negotiating with the International Telecommunications Union to clear the path for its prospective launch. | [94] | |
Pan-Arab Space Agency |
PASA | Arab League | — | Stalled. Proposed in 2009, at progress stage. | [95] |
South American Space Agency | South America | — | Proposed in 2011, at progress stage | [96] | |
Caribbean Space Agency | Caribbean Community | — | Proposed in 2017, at progress stage | [97] | |
Cambodian Space Agency | Cambodia | — | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage | [98] |
BudgetsEdit
The annual budgets listed are the official budgets for national space agencies available in public domain. The budgets are not normalized to the expenses of space research in different countries, i.e. higher budget does not necessarily mean more activity or better performance in space exploration.[99][100] Budget could be used for different projects: e.g. GPS is maintained from the US defence budget, whereas ESA's money is used for developing the European Galileo positioning system[citation needed]. The data for authoritarian countries are unreliable. For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.
Agency (country/region) | Budget (in millions of US $) |
---|---|
NASA (USA) | 22,629
|
CNSA (China) | 11,000
|
ESA (Europe) | 7,430
|
DLR (Germany) | 4,233
|
Roscosmos (Russia) | 3,272
|
CNES (France) | 2,700
|
ISRO (India) | 1,900
|
ASI (Italy) | 1,800
|
JAXA (Japan) | 1,699
|
KARI (South Korea) | 583
|
UKSA (UK) | 500
|
ISA and ISRC (Iran) | 393
|
ASA (Algeria) | 360
|
CSA (Canada) | 246
|
ISAB (Belgium) | 224
|
INTA (Spain) | 211
|
SSO (Switzerland) | 177
|
NSO (Netherlands) | 110
|
SNSA (Sweden) | 100
|
NOSA (Norway) | 97
|
SSAU (Ukraine) | 80
|
ALR (Austria) | 75
|
ISA (Israel) | 48
|
AEB (Brazil) | 47
|
CONAE (Argentina) | 45
|
See alsoEdit
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