Epilepsy
[eh-pa-lep-see]
Epilepsy is a common disorder of the brain that causes repeated seizures. It is sometimes called a seizure disorder.
A seizure is a short change in normal brain activity. Seizures are the main sign of epilepsy. A person is diagnosed with epilepsy when they have had two or more seizures.
There are many types of seizures. Some seizures can look like staring spells. Other seizures cause a person to fall, shake, and lose awareness of what’s going on around them.
A seizure can last from a few seconds to a few minutes.
Epilepsy is more common in children and older adults but can affect people of all ages.
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Key Facts
- Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes repeated seizures.
- Epilepsy affects about 3.4 million Americans.
- About 1 out of 10 people may have a seizure during his or her lifetime, though not all will develop epilepsy.
- There are many different kinds of epilepsy and types of seizures.
- People with epilepsy can have an active and full life.
- There are over 230 epilepsy centers in the United States. Health care providers at these centers specialize in managing epilepsy and provide expert care to both children and adults. For example, an “epileptologist” is a doctor who has advanced training and experience in epilepsy.
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About 3.4 million people in the United States are under treatment for epilepsy or have had recent seizures.
Many adults with epilepsy face challenges including work limitations, difficulty finding transportation, and affording medical care. Students with epilepsy are more likely to have difficulty in school, use special education services, and are less likely to participate in sports or clubs due to activity limitations.
Self-management is all the things you do to take care of yourself. Learn tips about how to manage epilepsy from CDC.
Always wear a seat belt every time you drive or ride in a motor vehicle. Always wear a helmet and make sure your children wear helmets when: riding a bike, motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle; or playing a contact sport such as football or ice hockey. Make living areas safer by removing tripping hazards, using non-slip mats and improving lighting throughout the home.
Receiving proper prenatal care to avoid problems during pregnancy and childbirth may lessen complications that could lead to epilepsy.
Prevention Tips
- Take steps to prevent head injuries, such as using a seatbelt in the car or wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle.
- Lower your risk of stroke and heart disease by eating well, exercising, and not smoking.
- Be up-to-date on your vaccinations. Read the CDC Recommendations for Vaccines and Immunizations.
- Wash your hands and prepare food safelyexternal icon to prevent infections such as cysticercosis.
- Have a healthy pregnancy. Some problems during pregnancy and childbirth may lead to epilepsy in the child. Follow a prenatal care plan with your doctor to keep you and your baby healthy.